which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?
Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. 2.2.3.2. According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: a. existential. Still, we violate these values at times and experience feelings of guilt. Any reference to cognitive processes was dismissed as this was not overt, but covert according to Watson and later Skinner. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. c. humanistic-existential This should sound much like what you just read about in terms of Thorndikes work. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? 73. 149. a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. Check out Figure 2.10 to see if you do. During repolarization the neuron will not fire no matter how much stimulation it receives. I know my grandmother used to. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. 39. 137. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: a. cognitive-behavioral. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. b. exposure therapy. Annually, approximately 100,000 undergo ECT to treat conditions such as severe depression, acute mania, suicidality, and some forms of schizophrenia. 89. For example, desensitization (Wolpe, 1997) teaches clients to respond calmly to fear-producing stimuli. a. d. classical conditioning. 95. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. c. resistance. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. Conditioning. These two components pair up as follows: Finally, four properties of operant conditioning extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination are important. b. existential. In terms of the latter, some symbols are linked to the person specifically, while others are common to all people. b. operant conditioning. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. For instance, evidence suggests that contracting strep throat, an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus (for more on strep throat, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html), can lead to the development of OCD, Tourettes syndrome, and tic disorder in children (Mell, Davis, & Owens, 2005; Giedd et al., 2000; Allen et al., 1995; https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness). This is in accord with what Freud called: a. reflex. d. psychodynamic. Outline the structure of personality and how it develops over time. c. manifest content. Influenza epidemics, caused by viral infections (for more on influenza, please see the following: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719), have also been linked to schizophrenia (Brown et al., 2004; McGrath and Castle, 1995; McGrath et al., 1994; Ocallaghan et al., 1991) though more recent research suggests this evidence is weak at best (Selten & Termorshuizen, 2017; Ebert & Kotler, 2005). a. d. object relations. b. resistance. Malnutrition before birth, exposure to viruses, and other psychosocial factors are potential causes of schizophrenia. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. 56. Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. d. humanistic. The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models. d. humanistic. c. psychodynamic. Hmm. 66. A girl values her self-worth even when she fails at something. a. humanistic therapy. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. This is known as David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. We will cover this process in three parts. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. However, keep in mind that we do not model everything we see. 84. The contents of the unconscious could move from the unconscious to preconscious, but to do so, it had to pass a Gate Keeper. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. Describe how the biological model explains mental illness. 72. Examples of secondary punishers include a ticket for speeding, losing television or video game privileges, ridicule, or a fee for paying your rent or credit card bill late. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. Dichotomous thinking Viewing people or events in all-or-nothing terms. Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. 61. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: a. without any religious belief are the healthiest. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. d. displacement. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? A general term used for Freuds and Jungs theories is: a. psychiatric. 2.3.3.3. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? 111. These included risk versions of two genes that regulate the flow of calcium into cells. Likewise, twin and family studies have shown that people with first-degree relatives suffering from OCD are at higher risk to develop the disorder themselves. 2.3.3.6. Track the accuracy of the thought. Which theory is based on the idea that people constantly evaluate and give meaning to their lives through their actions? 2.2.3.1. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? c. repression. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. This process is called counterconditioning, or the reversal of previous learning. How does the cognitive model approach psychopathology? With time, Anna O. did recover from her hysteria and went on to become a prominent member of the Jewish Community, involving herself in social work, volunteering at soup kitchens, and becoming House Mother at an orphanage for Jewish girls in 1895. The biological model of psychology says that psychological disorders are caused by biological problems. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to personality disorders. Clarify how environmental factors affect mental illness. a. id b. ego c. superego d. personality. b. family therapy. The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. b. increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? Add them up and see if making some minor, or major, adjustments to your schedule will free an hour to get in some valuable exercise. First, we cannot pay attention to everything going on around us. Bertha, known in published case studies as Anna O., was expected to complete the formal education typical of upper-middle-class girls, which included foreign language, religion, horseback riding, needlepoint, and piano. They protect the neuron from harmful substances. The body has two coordinating and integrating systems, the nervous system and the endocrine system. Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. 88. What form do these consequences take? First, free association involves the patient describing whatever comes to mind during the session. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. Charlotte feels a knot in her stomach when she enters a hospital to visit an ailing aunt. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? b. ego. Dont worry. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological, 4. 115. d. fear. Schemas and cognitive errors. Which would be a part of your paradigm? 133. d. self-aware. a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. Western society was in turmoil in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the rise of humanistic and existential therapies. To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. Flooding and desensitization are typical respondent conditioning procedures used with phobias, and modeling arises from social learning theory and observational learning. 86. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. The use of these drugs has been generally beneficial to patients. It handles the CNSs input and output and divides into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. These medications fall under five major categories. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. b. social factors leading to stress. 13. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. b. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine. Rogers did try to investigate his propositions scientifically, but most other humanistic-existential psychologists rejected the use of the scientific method. First, consider the list of side effects given for psychotropic medications. Hence, this phenomenon is called spontaneous recovery. Outline observational learning/social-learning theory and the work of Bandura. Therefore, there is no such thing as abnormal behavior. d. A child often deliberately (consciously) adopts so-called abnormal behaviors when interacting with the family unit as a way to maintaining homeostasis.. Rates of eating disorders are higher among women than men, though both genders are affected. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality.